Which of the following represents the four forces that affect value?

The choice representing the four forces that affect value is recognized as PEGS: Physical, Economic, Governmental, and Social. Each of these elements plays a significant role in determining the value of real estate and other assets.

• The physical force refers to the tangible characteristics of the property, such as its location, size, and condition. These factors can greatly impact both marketability and value.

• Economic forces encompass the broader economic environment, including factors like employment rates, income levels, and local market conditions. Economic health directly influences demand and, consequently, property values.

• Governmental forces include regulations, zoning laws, taxation policies, and other governmental actions that may affect property use and value. For example, new zoning laws could enhance or restrict property use, consequently influencing market values.

• Social forces refer to the demographics and cultural aspects that shape community preferences and demands. Changing trends in population, lifestyle, and consumer preferences can lead to shifts in value as well.

This framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the myriad forces that influence real estate values, making it a crucial concept for appraisers to comprehend and apply in their assessments.